This Bible Study was written and submitted by:Joseph M. Willmouth, Pastor of Trinity Bible Church in Biloxi, Mississippi 39532. This contributed article is copyright protected, and the sole property of the contributing author.  It may be freely copied and used provided the above credits are included. Document expiration: indefinite.   Additional notes enclosed in a table like this are editorial in nature, and were developed for a study that the owner of bibleteacher.org is currently teaching. All other material is exclusively Dr. Willmouth's.

2:14. What doth it profit[ophelos {of'-el-os: n, nom, neut, sg}; to heap up (i.e. accumulate or benefit), advantage, to further profit], my brethren [(adelphoi) adelphos {ad-el-fos': n, voc, m, pl}; from the same womb, a brother, one of the same nature, one of equal rank and dignity], though a man [tis {tis: adj, pron, indef, nom, m, sg}; a certain one, someone, a person] say [(lege) lego {leg'-o: v, subj, pres, act, 3 per, sg}; to asseverate, affirm, aver (attest), maintain, includes the idea of insisting on] he hath [(echein) echo {ekh'-o: v, inf, pres, act}; to have, to hold, possess] faith [(pistin) pistis {pis'-tis: n, acc, f, sg} faith, belief, firm peruasion, moral conviction, belief or reliance upon Christ for salvation], and have not works [(erga) ergon {er'-gon: n, acc, neut, pl}; to work, toil, an act, deed, action]?  can faith  [pistis {pis'-tis: n, nom, f, sg}; faith, belief, firm persuasion, moral conviction, belief or reliance upon Christ for salvation] save [(sosai) sozo {sode'-zo: v, inf, aor, act}; to save in the technical biblical sense, to deliver from the penalties of the Messianic judgment, to make one a partaker of the salvation by Christ] him?

    Verse 14 basically says, "real faith makes a difference!" James asks the question to explain how saving faith reveals itself. Notice that James doesn't say "if a person HAS faith," but "if a person SAYS he has faith." In other words, if a person says they are a Christian but doesn't have any works to validate that claim, is that person's faith real? ⁽⁹⁾  This is a valid question we need to ask today. There are thousands of people on the church rolls today who haven't attended that church (or anywhere else) in years. This has been true in every church that I have been a member of. While we don't know what's in a person's heart, we can see how they respond to various things in their lives. I have learned from experience that people make time for, and do what they want to do. This reflects outwardly what their inward values are, and this is the point that James is making (and not that works save people as we will see further on). Christ taught that not everyone who says they are a Christian is one (Matt.7:21-22).
 
 

If our faith is not relevant to our daily life in the world and in the parish, then it is no use; and if we cannot be Christians in our work, in the neighborhood, in our political decisions, then we had better stop being Christians. A piety reserved for Sundays is no message for this age.  (Douglas Rhymes)  1. What is the difference between saying "I'm a Christian" and being a Christian? See Matthew 7.21-23; 7.24-27 2. If you are truly saved, you will produce _________ for _________. See Luke 6.43-46 3. Jesus said that we are _____ by the _____ we produce. See Matthew 12.33

2:15. If a brother [adelphos {ad-el-fos': n, nom, m, sg}; from the same womb, a brother, one of the same nature, one of equal rank and dignity] or sister [adelphe {ad-el-fay': n, nom, f, sg}; a sister, a female member of the Christian community] be naked [(gumnoi) /gumnos {goom-nos': adj, nom, m, pl}; naked, poorly or meanly clad, destitute of proper and sufficient clothing], and destitute [(leipomenoi) leipo {li'-po: v, part, pres, mid, nom, m, pl}; to leave, to be destitute of, deficient in] of daily [(ephemerou) ephemeros {ef-ay'-mer-os: adj, gen, f, sg}; lasting for a day, daily, sufficient for a day, necessary for every day] food [(trophes) trophe {trof-'ay: n, gen, f, sg}; nourishment, food, sustenance],

2:16. And one [tis {tis: adj, pron, indef, nom, m, sg}; a certain one, someone, a person] of you says [(eipe) eipn {ei'-pn: v, subj, aor, act, 3 per, sg}; to speak or say] of you say unto them, Depart [(upagete) upago {hoop-ag'-o: v, imper, pres, act, 2 per, pl}; is used by one dismissing another, in sending one somewhere to do something]in peace [eirene {i-ray'-nay: n, dat, f, sg}; a formula of wishing well, blessing, addressed by the Hebrews to departing friends, go in peace (may happiness attend you)], be ye warmed [(thermainesthe) thermaino {ther-mah'ee-no: v, imper, pres, mid, 2 per, pl}; to warm, to warm one's self] and filled [(chortazesthe) chortazo {khor-tad'-zo: v, imper, pres, mid, 2 per, pl}; to fill or satisfy ]; notwithstanding ye give [(dote) didomi {did'-o-mee: v, subj, aor, act, 2 per, pl}; to give, bestow, minister] them not those things which are needful [(epitedeia) epitedeios {ep-ee-tay'-di-os: adj, pron, acc, neut, pl}; fit, suitable, necessary, things which are needful] to the body [(somatos) soma {so'-mah: n, gen, neut, sg}; the body (as a sound whole), the living body (human or animal)];  what doth it profit [ophelos {of'-el-os: n, nom, neut, sg}; to heap up (i.e. accumulate or benefit), to further, augment, profit, advantage]?
 

    James illustrates his point in verses 15 and 16. What good does it do just to tell someone who is cold and hungry to be warm and full. It's of no value whatsoever, and it's useless! So then why wouldn't we think the same of someone that says they are a Christian but never shows any other proof of their faith? Warren Wiersbe says, "People with dead faith substitute words for deeds. They know the correct vocabulary for prayer and testimony, and can even quote the right verses from the Bible; but their walk does not measure up to their talk. They think that their words are as good as works, and they are wrong." ⁽¹⁰⁾   Whoever coined the old saying, "action speaks louder than words," must of had this verse in mind. Charles Ryrie states, "Faith that is not moved to relieve the hungry man's need is nonworking faith." ⁽¹¹⁾
 

Warren Wiersbe says, "People with dead faith substitute words for deeds. They know the correct vocabulary for prayer and testimony, and can even quote the right verses from the Bible; but their walk does not measure up to their talk. They think that their words are as good as works, and they are wrong." 4. Salvation is a state that we receive from God by ____________. See Ephesians 2.5-10 a. However, salvation is a __________ state, for Ephesians states that we are God's _____________. b. If salvation is a __________ state imparted by God to us because we had faith in Jesus, then what will be true in our lives? 5. Since salvation is a supernatural state that we receive from God upon our faith in Jesus Christ as Savior, and since God's major attribute or characteristic is "love", then what will be our major fruit as saved believers? See 1 John 4.7-9; 1 John 4.15-16

2:17. Even so faith [pistis {pis'-tis: n, nom, f, sg}; faith, belief, firm persuasion, moral conviction, belief or reliance upon Christ for salvation], if it hath [(eche) echo {ekh'-o: v, subj, pres, act, 3 per, sg}; to have (in itself or as a consequence), comprise, involve] not works[(epga) ergon {er'-gon: n, acc, neut, pl}; to work, toil, an act, deed, action], is dead [(nekra) nekros {nek-ros': adj, nom, f, sg}; a corpse, dead in respect of fruitlessness], being alone [(eauten) eautou {heh-ow-too': n, pron, acc, f, 3 per, sg}; by one's self, alone].

    If someone says they have faith but doesn't have any works that accompanies it, then their faith is fruitless. James says that real faith is not "alone" (i.e., by its self). Therefore if someone's faith isn't accompanied by works, their faith is "dead" (literally, "a corpse"), it's not real. I don't know how you can get any planer than this. It's been said that, "faith and works are like the wings of a bird. One cannot get off the ground without the other, but the two together will soar to the heavens. Saving faith and good works are inseparable," (Author Unknown). The Apostle John and Paul expressed the same idea as James,

"But whoso hath this world's good, and seeth his brother have need, and shutteth up his bowels of compassion from him, how dwelleth the love of God in him? My little children, let us not love in word, neither in tongue; but in deed and in truth." 1 John 3:17-18
 

"For we are his workmanship, created in Christ Jesus unto good works, which God hath before ordained that we should walk in them." Ephesians 2:10

    If you and I can do something to earn our salvation, then God wasted His time sending Christ to die for us because He already had the Law. If a person who was sinless wasn't good enough to save us totally, then how could a sinner ever hope to do anything that would be worthy of salvation? The answer is, we can't! Scripture clearly teaches that salvation is totally by the grace of God, not by anything you or I can do,
 

6. How thoroughly should the salvation of Christ invade my life, or infuse my life with love and the work of God? See 1 John 3.17-19 "Faith and works are like the wings of a bird. One cannot get off the ground without the other, but the two together will soar to the heavens. Saving faith and good works are inseparable."

"Even when we were dead in sins, hath quickened us together with Christ, (by grace ye are saved;)" Ephesians 2:5

"But we believe that through the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ we shall be saved, even as they." Acts 15:11

"But not as the offence, so also is the free gift. For if through the offence of one many be dead, much more the grace of God, and the gift by grace, which is by one man, Jesus Christ, hath abounded unto many." Romans 5:15

"For by grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of yourselves: it is the gift of God: Not of works, lest any man should boast." Ephesians 2:8-9.
 

2:18. Yea, a man [tis {tis: adj, pron, indef, nom, m, sg}; a certain one, someone, a person, in a manner, as it were] may say, Thou hast faith [(pistin) pistis {pis'-tis: n, acc, f, sg} faith, belief, firm persuasion, moral conviction, belief or reliance upon Christ for salvation], and I have works [(erga) ergon {er'-gon: n, acc, neut, pl}; to work, toil, an act, deed, action]: shew [(deixon) deiknumi {dike-noo'-me: v, imper, aor, act, 2 per, sg}; to demonstrate, prove, to show] me thy faith [(pistin) pistis {pis'-tis: n, acc, f, sg} faith, belief, firm persuasion, moral conviction, belief or reliance upon Christ for salvation] without thy works [(epgon) ergon {er'-gon: n, gen, neut, pl}; to work, toil, an act, deed, action], and I will shew [(deixo) deiknui {dike-noo'-me: v, ind, fut, act, 1 per, sg}; to demonstrate, prove, to show]  thee my faith [(pistin) pistis {pis'-tis: n, acc, f, sg} faith, belief, firm persuasion, moral conviction, belief or reliance upon Christ for salvation]by my works [(ergon) ergon {er'-gon: n, gen, neut, pl}; to work, toil, an act, deed, action].

    Verse 18 gives us the point that James is trying to get across, "if you can have saving faith without accompanying works, show me." The presence of good works is the only reasonable verification of saving faith. ⁽¹³⁾

2:19. Thou believest [(pisteueis) pisteuo {pist-yoo'-o: v, indic, pres, act, 2 per, sg}; to believe, to have a mental persuasion, it denotes the mere acknowledgment of his existence] that there is one God [Theos {theh'-os: n, nom, m, sg}; a deity, the supreme Divinity, God] is one [eis {hice: adj, pron, card, nom, m, sg, numeral}; one]; thou doest well [kalos {kal-oce': adj, adv}; well, good, rightly, honestly]: the devils [(daimonia) daimonion {dahee-mon'-ee-on: n, nom, neut, pl}; a daemonic being, evil spirit, the messengers and ministers of the Devil] also believe [(pisteuousin) pisteuo {pist-yoo'-o: v, indic, pres, act, 3 per, pl}; to believe, to have a mental persuasion, it denotes the mere acknowledgment of his existence], and tremble [(phrissousin) phrisso {fris'-so: v, indic, pres, act, 3 per, pl}; to be ruffled, to bristle or chill (goose bumps), shudder].

    James tells us that a theological or orthodox belief in God by itself isn't proof of saving faith. Belief in one God may be good so far as it goes, but it doesn't go far enough. ⁽¹⁴⁾   You could say that it's a faith that has only made it to the head, but not to the heart. Even the demons have this belief but their response is evil. Their evil nature is not changed by what they know and believe. John MacArthur states, "James implies that demonic faith is greater than the fraudulent faith of a false professor, for demonic faith produces fear, whereas unsaved men have no fear of God before their eyes (Rom.3:18)." ⁽¹⁵⁾   J. Vernon McGee sums this verse very simply, "Lip service is not the evidence of saving faith - even the demons believe." ⁽¹⁶⁾
 

7. Many of the local Churches in our era have become preachers of doctrinal truths or catechisms or creeds without action. Is proper orthodox dogma without outward works valid in God's economy? Were we, as Christians, called to be "theologians" or "servants"? a. Just as Jesus served Father, we are called to ________. See John 12.23-26. b. Our Lord Jesus set the example. How?  John 13:4-16 "He riseth from supper, and laid aside his garments; and took a towel, and girded himself. [5]  After that he poureth water into a bason, and began to wash the disciples' feet, and to wipe them with the towel wherewith he was girded. [6]  Then cometh he to Simon Peter: and Peter saith unto him, Lord, dost thou wash my feet? [7]  Jesus answered and said unto him, What I do thou knowest not now; but thou shalt know hereafter. [8]  Peter saith unto him, Thou shalt never wash my feet. Jesus answered him, If I wash thee not, thou hast no part with me. [9]  Simon Peter saith unto him, Lord, not my feet only, but also my hands and my head. [10]  Jesus saith to him, He that is washed needeth not save to wash his feet, but is clean every whit: and ye are clean, but not all. [11]  For he knew who should betray him; therefore said he, Ye are not all clean. [12]  So after he had washed their feet, and had taken his garments, and was set down again, he said unto them, Know ye what I have done to you? [13]  Ye call me Master and Lord: and ye say well; for so I am. [14]  If I then, your Lord and Master, have washed your feet; ye also ought to wash one another's feet. [15]  For I have given you an example, that ye should do as I have done to you. [16]  Verily, verily, I say unto you, The servant is not greater than his lord; neither he that is sent greater than he that sent him."

2:20. But wilt [(Theleis) Thelo {thel'-o: v, indic, pres, act, 2 per, sg}; to desire, to wish, to purpose, to design] thou know [(gnonai) ginosko {ghin-oce'-ko: v, inf, aor, act}; to know, have knowledge, be resolved, be sure, understand], Ovain[(kene) kenos {ken-os': adj, voc, m, sg}; inconsiderate, foolish, empty] man [(anthrope) anthropos {anth'-ro-pos: n, voc, m, sg}; a human being, an individual, man], that faith [pistis {pis'-tis: n, nom, f, sg}; faith, belief, firm persuasion, moral conviction, belief or reliance upon Christ for salvation] without [choris {kho-rece': prep, gen}; a space, separately or apart from, by itself, without] works [(ergon) ergon {er'-gon: n, gen, neut, pl}; to work, toil, an act, deed, action] is dead [(arge) argos {ar-gos': adj, nom, f, sg}; unemployed, lazy, useless, barren, idle, slow]?
 

    James tells us again that if a man's faith doesn't produce fruit it is "dead." Their faith is worthless, it doesn't work at all! Is your faith working? Matthew Henry says that such people rest in a "bare profession of faith are dead while they live." ⁽¹⁷⁾  Willmington's guide to the Bible sums up verses 17 through 20, "These verses are not meant to be saving texts, but sign texts, The only test of a man's salvation is through his works. The proof of the pudding is still in the eating. A silent believer may be indeed considered a saint before God, but he remains a sinner before man until he walks the walk and talks the talk of Christian service."⁽¹⁸⁾

2:21. Was not Abraham our father [pater {pat-ayr': n, nom, m, sg}; a father, parent] justified [(edikaiothe) dikaioo {dik-ah-yo'-o: v, indic, aor, pass, 3 per, sg}; to judge , declare pronounce righteous and therefore acceptable] by works [(ergon) ergon {er'-gon: n, gen, neut, pl}; to work, toil, an act, deed, action], when he had offered [(anenegkas) anaphero {an-af-er'-o: v, part, aor, act, nom, m, sg}; to take up, to put upon the altar, to bring to the altar, to offer] Isaac his son [(uion) uios {hwee-os': n, acc, m, sg}; a legitimate son, son] upon the altar [thusiasterion {thoo-see-as-tay'-ree-on: n, acc, neut, sg}; a place of sacrifice, an altar]?

2:22. Seest [(blepeis) blepo {blep'-o: v, indic, pres, act, 2 per, sg}; to look at, behold, beware, perceive, regard, see, take heed] thou how faith [pistis {pis'-tis: n, nom, f, sg}; faith, belief, firm persuasion, moral conviction, belief or reliance upon Christ for salvation] wrought [(sunerchei) sunergeo {soon-erg-eh'-o: v, indic, imper, act, 3 per, sg}; to be a fellow-worker, co-operate, co-working, help with, worker together] with his works [(ergois) ergon {er'-gon: n, dat, neut, pl}; to work, toil, an act, deed, action], and by works [(ergon) ergon {er'-gon: n, gen, neut, pl}; to work, toil, an act, deed, action] was faith [pistis {pis'-tis: n, nom, f, sg}; faith, belief, firm persuasion, moral conviction, belief or reliance upon Christ for salvation] made perfect [(eteleiothe) teleioo {tel-i-o'-o: v, indic, aor, pass, 3 per, sg}; to be fully developed, to complete, make perfect]?

    Our faith is justified in the sight of men when it operates together with good works. Charles Ryrie states that, "such a saving faith is made complete, perfected, and carried to its end, since it finds fulfillment in good works." ⁽¹⁹⁾

2:23. And the scripture [graphe {graf-ay': n, nom, f, sg}; the Holy Scriptures; doctrines, declarations, oracles or promises contained in the sacred books] was fulfilled [(eplerothe) pleroo {play-ro'-o: v, indic, aor, pass, 3 per, sg}; to bring to pass, ratify, accomplish] which saith [(legousa) lego {leg'-o: v, part, pres, act, nom, f, sg}; to speak (expressing) orally and in writing, put forth, say, tell, utter], Abraham believed [(episteusen) pisteuo {pist-yoo'-o: v, indic, aor, act, 3 per, sg}; to have faith in or upon, believe, commit (to trust), put in trust with] God [(Theo) Theos {theh'-os: n, dat, m, sg}; a deity, the supreme Divinity, the true God], and it was imputed [(elogisthe) logizomai {log-id'-zom-ahee: v, indic, aor, pass, 3 per, sg}; to take an inventory, to make an account of, conclude, impute, reckon]unto him for righteousness [(dikaiosunen) dikaiosune {dik-ah-yos-oo'-nay: n, acc, f, sg}; justification, uprightness, correctness in thinking and of life]: and he was called [(eklethe) kaleo {kal-eh'-o: v, indic, aor, pass, 3 per, sg}; to be called, to bear a name or title among men] the Friend [philos {fee'-los: adj, pron, nom, m, sg}; dear, a friend] of God [(Theou) Theos {theh'-os: n, gen, m, sg}; a deity, the supreme Divinity, the true God].

2:24. Ye see [(orate) orao {hor-ah'-o: v, indic, pres, act, 2 per, pl}; to mark, observe, see, take heed] then how that by works [(ergon) ergon {er'-gon: n, gen, neut, pl}; to work, toil, an act, deed, action] a man [anthropos {anth'-ro-pos: n, nom, m, sg}; a human being, an individual, man] is justified [(dikaioutai) dikaioo {dik-ah-yo'-o: v, indic, pres, pass, 3 per, sg}; to judge or declare or pronounce righteous and therefore acceptable], and not by faith [(pisteos) pistis {pis'-tis: n, gen, f, sg}; faith, belief, firm persuasion, moral conviction, belief or reliance upon Christ for salvation] only [(monon) monon {mon'-on: adj, adv}; alone, only].

    James uses an example of Abraham and his saving faith. Abraham was saved by faith, but proved that faith by obeying God and offering his son (Gen.22). True saving faith is seen in our activities, and it's not something we just talk about. ⁽²⁰⁾   Could you imagine Abraham running around telling everyone how he was going to offer Isaac up as a sacrifice and never doing it! His faith would have been meaningless. You can apply this thought to anyone in the Bible. How credible would Moses have been if all he did was just talk about his faith and not obeyed God? This is James point; faith is more than just cheap talk. Abraham's faith was "imputed" or "verified" by putting his faith into action.
 

8. Though Abraham was saved by faith in God, how did he show the evidence of his faith? Would his words alone have been enough to have proved he was saved? What did God expect? See James 2.21-24

2:25. Likewise [omoios {hom-oy'-oce: adj, adv}; in a similar manner, likewise]also was not Rahab the harlot [porne {por'-nay: nom, sg, f, n}; a prostitute, a whore, harlot, an unchaste female] justified [(edikaiothe) dikaioo {dik-ah-yo'-o: v, indic, aor, pass, 3 per, sg}; to declare righteous or innocent, justify] by works[(ergon) ergon {er'-gon: n, gen, neut, pl}; to work, toil, an act, deed, action], when she had received [(upodexamene) upodechomai {hoop-od-ekh'-om-ahee: v, part, aor, mid, dep, nom, f, sg}; to give reception to, to receive as a guest, entertain hospitably] the messengers [(aggelous) aggelos {ang'-el-os: n, acc, m, pl}; to tell or announce, a messenger, envoy, one who is sent], and had sent them out [(ekbalousa) ekballo {ek-bal'-lo: v, part, aor, act, nom, f, sg}; to eject, bring forth, leave, put forth, send away, send out] another [(etera) eteros {het'-er-os: adj, dat, f, sg}; other or different, altered, strange]way[(odo) odos {hod-os': n, dat, f, sg}; a road, way]?
 

    James gives a second example of faith in action with Rahab. According to Joshua 2:9-11, Joshua sent two spies into the city of Jericho where they found the home of Rahab. She hid the spies at the risk to her own life and helped them to escape by lowering them from her window with a cord. Though Rahab knew little about God, her faith was revealed in her actions. ⁽²¹⁾
 

9. Though Rahab was saved by faith in God, how did she show the evidence of her faith? Would her words alone have been enough to have proved she was saved? What did God expect? See James 2.25 10. Just as the body without the spirit is dead, faith without the natural outpouring of faith, works, is dead. See James 2.26.

2:26. For as the body [soma {so'-mah: n, nom, neut, sg}; the body (as a sound whole), the living body (human or animal)] without [choris {kho-rece': prep, gen}; separately or apart from, by itself, without] the spirit [(pneumatos) pneuma {pnyoo'-mah: n, gen, neut, sg}; the spirit (i.e., the vital principle by which the body is animated), to breath out the spirit (i.e., die)] is dead [(nekron) nekros {nek-ros': adj, nom, neut, sg}; a corpse, dead in respect of fruitlessness], so faith [pistis {pis'-tis: n, nom, f, sg}; faith, belief, firm persuasion, moral conviction, belief or reliance upon Christ for salvation] without [choris {kho-rece': prep, gen}; separately or apart from, by itself, without] works [(ergon) ergon {er'-gon: n, gen, neut, pl}; to work, toil, an act, deed, action] is dead [(nekra) nekros {nek-ros': adj, nom, f, sg}; a corpse, dead in respect of fruitlessness] also.
 

    James closes this chapter by giving a third example of a human body. If a human body doesn't have a spirit it is dead, there is no mistake about it. Likewise, faith is like a human body, and its spirit is revealed by it actions or works. If it doesn't produce fruits, then it is a dead faith. Verses 14 through 26 are the central passages on the general Biblical contention that a true regeneration is demonstrated by its fruit. James declares in these passages that the requirements of man for justification are good works. So it is to be expected that the world will reject or accept the profession of those who do not meet their own ideals of what a Christian should be. The world's ideas of what a Christian is are far below God's idea. Thus, James stresses the reaction of the world to the Christian's profession as of vital importance. ⁽²²⁾
 
 

1. Word Studies in the Greek New Testament, Volume IV (An Expanded Translation), by Kenneth S. Wuest, p.541, Willaim B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids MI, 1988

2.  Journey To A Practical Faith, by Tommy C. Higle, pp.29-30, Tommy Higle Publishers, Marietta OK., 1991

3. The Preacher's Outline & Sermon Bible, vol.11 Hebrews & James, p.261, by Leadership Ministries Worldwide, Chattanooga TN.

4. Believer's Bible Commentary, by William MacDonald, p.2225, Thomas Nelson Publishers, Nashville TN., 1995

5. The Letters of James and Peter, The Daily Study Bible, by William Barclay, p.81, The Saint Andrew Press, Edinburgh, England, 1965

6. Wiersbe's Expository Outlines on the New Testament, by Warren W. Wiersbe, p.724, Victor Books, Wheaton IL., 1992

7. A Commentary, vol.III, by Robert Jamieson, A.R. Fausset & David Brown, p.587, Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids MI., 1990

8. James Faith in Action, by G. Coleman Luck, p.51, Moody Press, Chicago IL., 1954

9. Journey To A Practical Faith, by Tommy C. Higle, p.34, Tommy Higle Publishers, Marietta OK., 1991

10. The Bible Exposition Commentary, vol.2, by Warren W. Wiersbe, p.354, Victor Books, Wheaton IL., 1992

11. So Great Salvation, What It Means to Believe In Jesus Christ, by Charles C. Ryrie, p.133, Victor Books, USA, 1994

12. Believer's Bible Commentary, by William MacDonald, pp.2228-9, Thomas Nelson Publishers, Nashville TN., 1995

13. Journey To A Practical Faith, by Tommy C. Higle, p.35, Tommy Higle Publishers, Marietta OK., 1991

14. The Bible Knowledge Commentary, New Testament Edition, by John F. Walvoord & Roy B. Zuck, p.826, Victor Books, Wheaton IL., 1983

15. Faith Works, The Gospel According to the Apostles, by John F. MacArthur, Jr., p.151, Word Publishing, Dallas TX, 1993

16. James, vol. 53, by J. Vernon McGee, p.68, Thru The Bible Radio Network, Pasadena CA, 1990

17. A Commentary On The Whole Bible, Vol.6, by Matthew Henry, p.982, World Bible Publishers, Iowa Falls, Iowa

18. Willmington's Guide To The Bible, by Dr., H.L. Willmington, p.513, Tyndale House Publishers, Wheaton IL., 1995

19. So Great Salvation, What It Means to Believe In Jesus Christ, by Charles C. Ryrie, p. 133, Victor Books, USA, 1994

20. With The Word Bible Commentary, by Warren W. Wiersbe, p.1584, Thomas Nelson Publishers, TN., 1993

21. Journey To A Practical Faith, by Tommy C. Higle, pp.38-39, Tommy Higle Publishers, Marietta OK., 1991

22. Systematic Theology, Vol.III, by Lewis Sperry Chafer, pp.297-298, Dallas Seminary Press, Dallas TX. 1974